In 1937, Lothar Collatz proposed the following conjecture: Start with a positive integer n, then repeatedly iterate the following: If n is even, divide it by 2; if n is odd, compute 3*n+1. Collatz conjectured that for every starting value n, the result will invariably return to 1.

The Collatz conjecture has been studied by thousands of mathematicians and computer scientists. Portuguese mathematician Tomas Oliveira e Silva has verified the conjecture for all integers up to 5.76 x 10^18. But no proof has yet been found. Well-known mathematician Paul Erdos once characterized the Collatz conjecture as “Mathematics is not yet

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